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玉米矮花叶病 (MaizeDwarfMosaicVirus ,MDMV)是一种世界性病毒病害 ,近年来在我国危害越来越重 ,已经成为玉米产区的主要病害之一。在我国危害玉米生产的主要是MDMV_B株系 ,至今尚未发现MDMV_A株系。感染MDMV的症状因寄主抗病能力、生育时期及环境条件而不同。根据显症叶片数及叶绿素被破坏的程度 ,参考病株高度、单株产量等指标 ,提出了 5级分级标准用以记载植株的发病级别。MDMV可以种子传毒 ,农田杂草为病毒的积累和越冬提供了有利条件 ,这些初侵染源为病害发生、流行创造了条件。MDMV是一种借蚜虫传播的非持久性病毒 ,实践证明采取以种植抗病品种为主 ,辅助以栽培管理的综合防治措施 ,是防治MDMV的有效途径。目前在我国主要的玉米种质资源中 ,只有塘四平头和获白系统抗或高抗MDMV ,而具有国外或旅大红骨血缘的材料基本感MDMV。国外学者对MDMV_A株系的抗性遗传研究较深入 ,我国则需加强对MDMV_B株系的抗源筛选及抗性遗传研究工作
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) is a worldwide virus disease which has been harmed more and more in China in recent years and has become one of the major diseases in maize producing areas. In our country, the main strain of MDMV_B that endangers the production of maize is MDMV_A. Symptoms of MDMV infection vary depending on host resistance, reproductive age and environmental conditions. According to the number of diseased leaves and the degree of destruction of chlorophyll, the reference plant height, yield per plant and other indicators, put forward a 5-level grading standards used to record the plant’s pathogenesis level. MDMV can be poisoned by seeds, and farmland weeds provide favorable conditions for the accumulation of virus and overwintering. These primary infection sources create conditions for disease occurrence and epidemic. MDMV is a kind of non-persistent virus transmitted by aphids. Practice has proved that adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures to plant disease-resistant cultivars is an effective way to prevent and cure MDMV. At present, among the main maize germplasm resources in China, only Tongsiping head and whitening system are resistant to or highly resistant to MDMV, while MDMV has the basic material of foreign or BRT origin. Foreign scholars to MDMV_A strains of genetic research more in-depth, we need to strengthen the MDMV_B lines of resistance screening and resistance genetic research