马克思在《资本论》中,采用以商品为起点,依次论述货币、资本、剩余价值、利润、利息、地租等经济范畴的方法,分析了当时的资本主义经济。中国经济史研究中曾有人用这种方法,分析中国近代经济。对此当时就有人提出疑问,认为这种方法是马克思分析资本主义经济的方法,不适用于分析中国半殖民地半封建经济。古代蒙古社会是一种前资本主义社会,其经济以游牧畜牧业为主,自然经济占统治地位。揭示这种社会的经济及其发展规律,显然不能采用 Marx used “capital theory” to analyze the capitalist economy of the time by adopting the method of starting from the commodity and then discussing the economic categories of money, capital, surplus value, profit, interest and land rent. In the study of China’s economic history, some people used this method to analyze China’s modern economy. At that time, some people questioned that this method is Marx’s method of analyzing the capitalist economy and does not apply to analyze China’s semi-colonial semi-feudal economy. Ancient Mongolian society is a kind of pre-capitalist society, whose economy is dominated by nomadic livestock and the natural economy is dominant. It is obviously not acceptable to reveal the economy of this society and its laws of development