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目的了解长沙市儿童哮喘的发病因素及防治情况。方法对长沙市０～１４岁儿童抽样调查后，对其中确诊为儿童哮喘的患儿进行问卷调查分析。结果 １６８例全部接受问卷调查，调查应答率为 １００％。 儿童哮喘发病以０～９岁为主；５６．５％的患儿起病于３岁前。好发季节为春秋两季。７５％为缓慢起病。主要病因有上呼吸道感染、天气变化等。一、二级亲属中有哮喘及其它过敏性疾病者占３１．５％；从１年内确诊情况显示，延误诊断率为２１４％。３２．１％使用过吸入型激素治疗，其疗效明显优于未吸入激素治疗组。２７．４％接受过儿童哮喘防治知识教育。结论儿童哮喘的发病因素很多，与年龄、季节、起病方式、诱因、家族及个人过敏史关系密切，长沙市儿童哮喘的诊断及防治水平亟待提高。
Objective To understand the incidence and prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in Changsha City. Methods After the sample survey of children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Changsha City, the children who were diagnosed as asthma in children were investigated by questionnaire. Results 168 cases all accepted the questionnaire survey, the survey response rate was 100%. The incidence of asthma in children is 0 to 9 years old; 56.5% of children onset before 3 years old. Good season for the spring and autumn seasons. 75% for slow onset. The main cause of upper respiratory tract infection, the weather changes. One or two relatives had asthma and other allergic diseases accounted for 31.5%; from 1 year confirmed the situation showed that the delay diagnosis rate was 214%. 32.1% used inhaled hormone therapy, the effect was significantly better than non-inhaled hormone treatment group. 27.4% had children’s asthma prevention knowledge education. Conclusion There are many factors of asthma in children, which are closely related to age, season, onset, inducement, family history and personal allergy. The diagnosis and prevention of asthma in children need to be improved urgently.