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旨在探索光照刺激(Photostimulation,PS)时间对肉种鸡性成熟的影响,为优化肉种鸡光照程序提供科学依据。选用384只14周龄健康的AA父母代种母鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复,肉种鸡单笼饲养,并限制饲喂量。4个处理的光照刺激时间分别为16(PS16)、18(PS18)、20(PS20)和22周龄(PS22)。光照刺激第1周,光照节律为8h光照∶16h黑暗(8L∶16D),光照强度由10lx增加至80lx;第2~4周,光照节律由8L∶16D逐渐增加至14L∶10D。在光照刺激前和光照刺激后的第2、4和6周,每个处理随机挑选6只种母鸡进行屠宰试验,测定生长和性发育指标及血清雌二醇水平。进行个体产蛋记录,测定产蛋初期蛋品质。结果显示:1)光照刺激后,各处理腹脂率快速上升,PS20和PS22组的雌二醇水平、卵巢指数、输卵管指数和输卵管长度的增长快于其他2组。2)PS16组从见蛋~开产的间隔时间和从光照刺激~开产的间隔时间均长于其他3组(P=0.007 9,P=0.000 1)。3)PS18的蛋壳重最低(P=0.005 1)。PS16的蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度有高于其他组的趋势(P=0.083 4,P=0.066 2)。其他蛋品质指标不受光照刺激时间的影响(P>0.05)。综上表明,16周龄光照刺激可能导致AA种母鸡光失敏。22周龄光照刺激能够促进其性腺发育和雌二醇增长,并能改善开产整齐性和产蛋初期蛋品质,有利于提高肉种鸡的繁殖性能。
The purpose is to explore the effect of Photostimulation (PS) time on sexual maturity of broiler breeder and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the lighting program of broiler breeder. A total of 384 healthy 14-week-old AA parental hens were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments with two replicates per treatment. The breeders were housed in a single cage and their feeding was restricted. The light stimulation time of the four treatments were 16 (PS16), 18 (PS18), 20 (PS20) and 22 weeks (PS22) respectively. In the first week of light stimulation, the photoperiod was 8h illumination: 16h darkness (8L: 16D), illumination intensity increased from 10lx to 80lx. From the second to the forth week, the phototactic rhythm increased gradually from 8L: 16D to 14L: 10D. Six hens were randomly selected for slaughter at light harvesting and at weeks 2, 4, and 6 after light stimulation, and growth and sexual development and serum estradiol levels were measured. Individual egg production records, determination of early egg quality eggs. The results showed that: 1) After the light stimulated, the abdominal fat percentage of each treatment increased rapidly. The estradiol level, ovarian index, tubal index and fallopian tube length in PS20 and PS22 groups increased faster than the other two groups. 2) The time interval from PSE to EGD and the time from light stimulation to OPI in PS16 group were longer than the other three groups (P = 0.007 9, P = 0.000 1). 3) PS18 had the lowest egg shell weight (P = 0.005 1). The shell thickness and shell strength of PS16 were higher than those of other groups (P = 0.083 4, P = 0.066 2). Other egg quality indicators were not affected by light stimulation time (P> 0.05). In summary, light stimulation at 16 weeks of age may result in photo insensitivity in AA hens. 22 weeks of age light stimulation can promote the gonadal development and estradiol growth, and can improve the neatness of the opening and early egg quality, help to improve the reproductive performance of broiler breeders.