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目的对文献报道及本院收治的急性对硝基氯苯中毒病例进行分析研究,总结其临床特点,为修订职业性急性对硝基氯苯中毒诊断分级标准提供依据。方法通过检索数据库及收集本院的病历资料,对数据进行统计分析。结果本研究显示,急性对硝基氯苯中毒潜伏期多为数分钟至72 h,最长可达24 d,临床表现主要为神经系统症状、发绀和酱油色尿,伴网织红细胞升高、血红蛋白下降、高铁血红蛋白阳性、海因氏小体阳性等实验室指标异常,肝酶和尿常规异常者也较常见。结论急性对硝基氯苯中毒主要靶器官是血液系统,亦可影响肝脏及泌尿系统;以高铁血红蛋白血症和急性血管内溶血为主要临床特点。建议将高铁血红蛋白血症、溶血性贫血及肝肾功损害程度作为急性对硝基氯苯中毒的主要诊断和分级依据。
OBJECTIVE To analyze and report the literatures and the acute cases of nitrochlorobenzene poisoning admitted to our hospital, summarize the clinical features and provide the basis for revising the diagnostic criteria of occupational acute nitroglycerin poisoning. Methods The data were analyzed by searching the database and collecting the hospital medical record data. Results The study showed that acute nitrochlorobenzene poisoning latency of mostly minutes to 72 h, up to 24 d, the clinical manifestations of the main symptoms of the nervous system, cyanosis and soy sauce color urine, reticulocyte, hemoglobin decreased , Methemoglobin-positive, Heinz-body positive laboratory indicators such as abnormal liver enzymes and urine abnormalities are more common. Conclusion The main target organ of acute p-nitrochlorobenzene poisoning is the blood system, which can also affect the liver and urinary system. The main clinical features are methemoglobinemia and acute intravascular hemolysis. Proposed to methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia and liver damage as a major risk of nitrochlorobenzene poisoning diagnosis and grading basis.