苏联物理学家卡皮察早年在英国剑桥大学进修并成为英国皇家学会会员,后来在返回苏联时被苏联当局强行留在国内。他在二战时期的科学成就得到了当局的大力嘉奖。然而,由于他拒绝研究核武器而被解除物理研究所所长职务。同样原因使他尽管在赫鲁晓夫时期回到了原来的岗位,但仍然受到冷落并禁止出国。赫鲁晓夫时期结束后,他才被允许出国。他因在低温物理方面的成就荣获1978年诺贝尔物理学奖。卡皮察的命运大起大落不仅是他个人的命运,也是与苏联不同时期科技政策的变化息息相关的。 Soviet physicist Kapita early years at the University of Cambridge to study and become a member of the Royal Society, later returned to the Soviet Union by the Soviet authorities forced to stay in the country. His scientific achievements during the Second World War were greatly rewarded by the authorities. However, he was dismissed as director of the Institute of Physics from refusing to study nuclear weapons. For the same reason that although he returned to his original post during the Khrushchov period, he was still ignored and forbidden to go abroad. He was allowed to leave the country after the Khrushchev period ended. He won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics for his achievements in cryogenic physics. The ups and downs of Capizza’s fate are not only his personal destiny, but also are closely related to the changes of science and technology policies in different periods of the Soviet Union.