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中性粒细胞是非特异性免疫系统中的重要一员,介导吞噬和杀菌作用。中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(Neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)是中性粒细胞受到刺激后释放的一种纤维网状结构。近年来,NETs作为中性粒细胞一种全新的机制在自身免疫性疾病上的研究备受关注。NETs在固有免疫中主要利用其特殊的网状结构捕获病原微生物并对其消化加工。内源性和外源性抗原的修饰是中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网主要特点,可产生多种新的自身抗原。诱捕网中组蛋白瓜氨酸化已确定参与多种自身免疫病,并且患者体内存在异常的NETs,并与疾病严重程度呈正相关。文章结合近年来的文献对NETs的形成、NETs参与自身免疫性疾病的发生发展以及探索其应用于临床研究的可能机制分别进行了综述。
Neutrophils are an important part of the nonspecific immune system that mediates phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a fibrous reticular structure that is released upon stimulation of neutrophils. In recent years, NETs as a new mechanism of neutrophils in the study of autoimmune diseases of concern. NETs uses innate immunity to capture and digest pathogenic microorganisms mainly through its special network structure. Modification of endogenous and exogenous antigen is the main feature of neutrophil extracellular trapping network, can produce a variety of new autoantigens. Histone citrullination in trapping nets has been identified to be involved in a number of autoimmune diseases and there is abnormal NETs in the patient and is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. In this paper, we summarize the formation of NETs, the occurrence and development of NETs involved in autoimmune diseases and the possible mechanisms of their application in clinical research.