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目的了解15岁以下儿童乙肝流行状况,掌握接种乙肝疫苗后儿童乙肝的防控效果,进一步探讨控制儿童乙肝的策略。方法对承德市2008-2012年间报告的15岁以下儿童新发乙型肝炎病例监测数据进行统计分析,采用描述流行病学方法分析儿童乙肝流行病学特征。结果 2008-2009年承德市15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎发病呈下降趋势,2010-2012年保持低发病水平,大年龄组发病率较小年龄组发病率偏高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.067,P<0.05),而且男性多于女性。结论 15岁以下儿童乙型肝炎的发病水平和乙肝疫苗的接种有关联,保持高水平的乙肝疫苗及时和全程接种率、提高免疫成功率是预防和控制乙肝流行的关键措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of hepatitis B in children under 15 years of age and to master the prevention and control effect of hepatitis B in children after hepatitis B vaccination and to further explore the strategy of controlling hepatitis B in children. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the monitoring data of newly diagnosed cases of hepatitis B in children under 15 years old reported by Chengde from 2008 to 2012, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in children. Results In 2008-2009, the incidence of hepatitis B in children under 15 years of age in Chengde showed a decreasing trend, while the incidence of hepatitis B remained low in 2010-2012. The incidence of hepatitis B in older age group was higher than that of younger age group (χ2 = 14.067, P <0.05), and more men than women. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B in children under 15 years old is related to the inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine. To maintain a high level of timely and full vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine and to improve the success rate of immunization are the key measures to prevent and control hepatitis B epidemic.