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本文研究了高速主轴部件的固有频率及其主振型计算机算法,建立了双支承及三支承主轴部件的传递矩阵、集中质量和均匀质量的有限元计算模型,编制了通用计算机程序。计算机实验结果表明,随着模型离散化程度的增加,计算时间的增长速度很快。为了满足工程应用精度的要求,模型离散化程度勿须很大,从而可大大节省计算时间。在三种计算方法中,传递矩阵法的计算时间大大超过有限元法,而集中质量有限元法的计算时间最少。文章还对现有国内外文献中推荐的计算轴的临界转速的公式进行了研究,并通过实例比较了该公式与用有限元法进行计算的结果,指出了这些计算公式的局限性,利用作者编制的程序,可以迅速而精确地绘制各阶主振型和主轴前端的动柔度曲线,并在彩色显示器上对主轴部件的主振型进行了动态模拟,获得了满意的结果。
In this paper, the natural frequency of high-speed spindle components and its main vibration computer algorithm are studied. The transfer matrix, mass concentration and uniform finite element model of double-support and three-support spindle components are established and a general computer program is prepared. Computer experimental results show that as the degree of discretization of the model increases, the computation time grows fast. In order to meet the requirements of engineering application accuracy, the degree of discretization of the model need not be large, which can greatly save calculation time. Among the three calculation methods, the calculation time of the transfer matrix method greatly exceeds that of the finite element method, while that of the concentrated mass finite element method has the least time. The paper also studies the recommended formulas for calculating the critical speed of the shaft in domestic and foreign literatures and compares the results with the finite element method by examples and points out the limitations of these formulas. The programmed program can quickly and accurately plot the dynamic flexibility curves of the main vibration modes and the front of the main shaft and the dynamic simulation of the main vibration modes of the main shaft components on the color display. Satisfactory results have been obtained.