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采用大田试验的方法,研究黄潮土上两种肥力麦田水氮交互效应的结果表明:在供试条件下,高肥力麦田灌水及水氮交互效应下显著,氮肥效应虽显著,但效应值很低,水氮增产潜力小。中高肥力麦田中,水氮增产潜力大,尤其是氮肥效应极为显著,水氮间存在负互作用;灌水不足会降低小麦产量和氮肥肥效,通过增施氮肥可一定程度弥补水分不足而提高产量;改善灌水条件可促进氮肥肥效的发挥,从而降低小麦最高产量施氮量;大水大肥不利于小麦产量和肥水利用率的提高。在高肥力麦田常规灌溉制度下,以施纯氮10～13 kg·mu~1为宜,可获得550～580 kg·mu~1的小麦产量;在中高肥力麦田,灌1～3水,以施氮16～20kg·mu~1为宜,可获500kg·mu~(-1)以上的小麦产量。通过水氮最佳耦合,在高肥力麦田保证最高成穗数,在中、高肥力麦田保证最作穗数和穗粒数,是提高小麦产量的关键。
Field experiments were conducted to study the interactive effects of water and nitrogen on the two fertility wheat fields in the yellow soil. The results showed that under the conditions of irrigation, the effects of high irrigating water and interaction of water and nitrogen were significant and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer were significant, Water and nitrogen increase production potential. In middle and high fertility wheat fields, water and nitrogen yield potential is high, especially nitrogen effect is extremely significant, there is negative interaction between water and nitrogen; insufficient irrigation will reduce wheat yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, increase nitrogen fertilizer to some extent to make up for lack of moisture and increase production; Improving irrigation conditions can promote the fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby reducing the maximum yield of wheat nitrogen application; large water and fertilizer is not conducive to the improvement of wheat yield and fertilizer efficiency. Under the conventional irrigation system of high-fertility wheat field, wheat yield of 550 ~ 580 kg · mu ~ 1 can be obtained by applying pure nitrogen of 10 ~ 13 kg · mu ~ 1; Nitrogen 16 ~ 20kg · mu ~ 1 is suitable, yield more than 500kg · mu ~ (-1). Through the optimal coupling of water and nitrogen, the highest number of spikes is guaranteed in high-fertility wheat fields and the most number of spikes and grains per spike in medium and high-fertility wheat fields is the key to increase wheat yield.