论文部分内容阅读
日本德川时代民众运动的主要形态是百姓一揆,这是与中国农民起义不同的一种农民反对领主的斗争。德川时代后期,随着经济的发展,阶级关系的变动,民众运动也出现了新的形态。如,下层农民反对上层农民的村方骚动,小商品生产者等反对特权商人垄断的国诉,城市贫民要求降低米价的米骚动,与宗教因素结合要求建立均富平等社会的世直,下级武士领导的反幕起义等。这些斗争与百姓一揆动摇着幕藩领主的统治,为明治维新作了民众运动方面的准备。关于百姓一揆,作者已有专文,本文仅论述德川时代后期新形态的民众斗争。
The main form of the popular movement during the Tokugawa period in Japan was the common people’s death. This was a peasant struggle against the lords that differed from the peasant uprising in China. In the late Tokugawa period, with the development of economy and the change of class relations, there has also been a new pattern of popular movement. For example, the lower-level peasants oppose the uprooting of village peasants in the upper peasants, state petitions against commodities such as monopolies by privileged traders, the urban turmoil in which the urban poor call for a reduction in the price of rice, and the combination of religious factors require the establishment of worldly and subordinate warriors Leader of the insurrection and so on. These struggles, together with the common people, shaken the rule of lords and lords and provided preparations for the popular movement for Meiji Reform. About the common people, the author already has an article, this article deals only with the new form of public struggle in the late Tokugawa period.