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目的探讨血红蛋白变构剂5-羟甲基糠醛[5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural,5-HMF]对血红蛋白氧结合特性的作用及其对大鼠耐缺氧能力的影响。方法将SD成年雄性大鼠随机分为4组:平原空白组、高原空白组、平原用药组、高原用药组。空白组用生理盐水、用药组以50 mg/kg 5-HMF腹腔给药。高原暴露采用模拟海拔5 000 m低压舱内24 h。各组按原剂量经腹腔重复给药30 min后从腹主动脉采血,测血气及氧平衡曲线。大鼠经过游泳训练后,负重游泳力竭实验检测负重游泳力竭时间。大鼠经过记忆训练后,Morris水迷宫空间探索试验测大鼠空间记忆能力。结果高原空白组负重游泳力竭时间、目标象限大鼠滞留时间、穿越平台位置次数、血氧饱和度、血氧分压等指标,较平原空白组显著降低(P<0.05),高原用药后这些指标显著升高,但是负重游泳力竭时间、目标象限大鼠滞留时间仍低于平原水平。各给药组P50、希尔系数均较相应空白组显著降低(P<0.05)。平原用药组较平原空白组负重游泳力竭时间显著降低(P<0.05),血氧分压显著升高,其余指标无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 5-HMF在低氧条件下可增加血红蛋白氧亲和力、血氧饱和度及血氧分压,增强游泳耐力和空间记忆能力。
Objective To explore the effect of hemoglobin 5-hydroxyfurfural (5-HMF) on hemoglobin oxygen binding and its effect on hypoxia tolerance in rats. Methods SD adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: plain group, plateau blank group, plain group and plateau group. The rats in the blank group were treated with saline and the rats in the treatment group were intraperitoneally administered with 50 mg / kg 5-HMF. Altitude exposure was simulated at a low pressure of 5 000 m altitude for 24 h. All groups were transfused from the abdominal aorta at the original dose of 30 min after repeated intraperitoneal administration, and blood gas and oxygen balance curves were measured. After swimming training in rats, weight-bearing swimming exhaustive test of weight-bearing swimming time to exhaustion. After memory training in rats, Morris water maze space exploration test to measure the spatial memory of rats. Results Compared with the plain control group, the swimming time of exhaustive swimming in the plateau blank control group, the residence time of the target quadrant rats, the number of loci crossing the platform, oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen were significantly decreased (P <0.05) The index was significantly increased, but the load swimming exhausted time, the target quadrant rat retention time is still lower than the plain level. The P50 and Hill coefficients in each administration group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the exhaustion time of swimming in plain control group was significantly decreased (P <0.05), and the partial pressure of oxygen was significantly increased (P> 0.05). Conclusions 5-HMF can increase hemoglobin oxygen affinity, oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen in hypoxic conditions, and enhance swimming endurance and spatial memory.