国有老企业是指在计划经济下经营状况良好,具有一定基础,改革之后却出现颓势甚至亏损的国有大中型企业。这些国有老企业经营中常常面临这样的营销两难困境:积极参与市场竞争却感到力不从心,甚至出现重大决策失误;消极等待只能眼睁睁看着市场被竞争对手蚕食。这一困境反映到营销 State-owned and old enterprises refer to the state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises that operate well under the planned economy and have a certain foundation but have suffered declines or even losses after the reform. These state-owned and old-run enterprises often face the dilemma of marketing such as: actively participating in market competition, feeling powerless and even making major policy mistakes; and negative waiting can only watch the market being eaten by competitors. This predicament is reflected in marketing