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观测超声声场一般有三种方法,即小球反射法,声光衍射法(施利伦法)和光弹显示法。如果要研究纵波在水中的声场,用小球反射法或施利伦法比较简单方便,但这两种方法只能用于研究纵波声场。如果要观察超声波的波前及横波或纵波在固体中的传播规律,或观察超声换能器在固体中的声场分布情况,则只能使用光弹显示法。本文将较详细地论述光弹法显示声场的原理和实验装置,并对国外两种较新的实验方法作以简要介绍。
There are generally three methods to observe the ultrasonic sound field, that is, the ball reflex method, the acousto-optic diffractometry (Schlieren method) and the photoelastic display method. If we want to study the sound field of longitudinal wave in water, it is simple and convenient to use the ball reflection method or Schlieren method, but these two methods can only be used to study the longitudinal wave sound field. If you want to observe the ultrasonic wave front and shear wave or longitudinal wave propagation in solids, or observe the ultrasound transducer in the solid sound field distribution, you can only use the photoelastic display method. This article will discuss in more detail the principle and experimental device of photoelastic display of sound field, and give a brief introduction of two newer experimental methods abroad.