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以玉米优良杂交种掖单13号的F2∶3家系为材料,研究其产量性状的遗传特征,结果表明,在10个数量性状中,广义遗传力较高的为穗粗、行粒数、轴粗、穗行数、穗长;在F1代和F2∶3家系中,杂种优势强的性状是行粒数、穗粒重、穗长,较弱的是百粒重、出籽率。杂种优势与遗传力相关不显著,但与性状的变异系数相关显著。其中,行粒数、穗粗、穗行数、穗长与单株产量高度正相关。穗长、穗粒重、百粒重三个产量构成因子彼此高度正相关,穗长与穗粗极显著负相关。主成分分析表明,影响单株产量的依次是穗粗、穗行数、穗长、行粒数、出籽率。因此对掖单13号而言,在新疆条件下,穗粗的增加和穗行数的增加是获得高产的关键。
The F2: 3 pedigree was used to study the genetic characteristics of yield traits. The results showed that among the 10 quantitative traits, the higher heritability of broad-sense was panicle diameter, grain number per axis, In the F1 and F2: 3 pedigrees, the strong heterosis traits were grain number per line, grain weight per spike, ear length, and weaker ones with 100-grain weight and seed yield. Heterosis was not significantly related to heritability, but significantly correlated with coefficient of variation of traits. Among them, the number of rows and rows, ear diameter, ear number and ear length were highly correlated with the yield per plant. Spike length, spike weight and 100-grain weight were positively correlated with each other, while spike length and spike thickness were significantly negatively correlated. Principal component analysis showed that the order of per plant yield was ear diameter, ear number, ear length, grain number and seed yield. Therefore, for YEDA No.13, under the condition of Xinjiang, the increase of ear diameter and the increase of ear number are the keys to high yield.