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扭亏为盈 1988年美国许多钢铁公司获利,而1982～1986年其亏损总额逾120亿美元。其主要原因是,钢铁生产费用实际降到了西方工业发达国家的最低水平。美元对主要钢铁出口国汇率下跌也起了好的作用。开工率高钢铁公司通过实施广泛的生产改组计划,降低了生产费用,提高了产品竞争能力。大批设备陈旧效益低的企业关闭。1982～1988年企业的炼钢年产能力削弱了27%,减到1.02亿吨,从业人数减少30%,劳动生产率提高1/3以上。1988年1～8月炼钢车间设备开工率超过90%,是70年代末以来最高水平,1982～1986年开工率为48～
Turnaround: Many U.S. steelmakers made a profit in 1988, with a total loss of over 12 billion U.S. dollars from 1982 to 1986. The main reason is that the cost of steel production has actually dropped to the lowest level in western industrialized countries. The dollar also played a good role in the decline in the exchange rate of the major steel exporters. High operating rates Steel companies reduced their production costs and improved the competitiveness of their products by implementing a wide range of production restructuring plans. A large number of obsolete equipment, low-cost enterprises closed. From 1982 to 1988, the annual steelmaking capacity of enterprises was weakened by 27% to 102 million tons, the number of employees was reduced by 30% and the labor productivity was increased by more than one third. From January to August 1988, the operating rate of steelmaking plant equipment exceeded 90%, the highest level since the late 1970s. The operating rate was 48 ~