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目的研制环保型氯硝柳胺缓释球杀灭血吸虫病易感地带水体中尾蚴效果。方法用制球机将50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂、聚乙烯醇和红壤制成直径25mm的缓释球。在血吸虫病易感地带按1m2投一个缓释球进行杀灭尾蚴试验。用哨(小)鼠疫水测定法考核缓释球杀灭尾蚴的效果。结果缓释球在室内水体中,氯硝柳胺的月平均浓度从第1个月的2.11mg/L降至第5个月的0.54mg/L。在室内水体中,缓释球释放的氯硝柳胺沿水平方向扩散快,垂直方向扩散慢。在试验区投缓释球后7d,氯硝柳胺浓度底层水和表层水分别为2.36mg/L和0.9mg/L,60d后分别为0.68mg/L和0.20mg/L。投缓释球前试验区和对照区小鼠感染率分别为71.4%和84.0%(x2=1.728,P>0.05),平均虫荷分别为2.1条/鼠和5.5条/鼠。投缓释球后30d,试验区和对照区小鼠感染率分别为58.33%和97.06%,平均虫荷分别为2.08条/鼠和15.97条/鼠(x2=13.728,t=7.148,P均<0.001);投缓释球后60d,小鼠感染率分别为13.04%和38.88%,平均虫荷分别0.30条/鼠和0.89条/鼠(x2=1.288,t=1.778,P均>0.05)。结论现场应用环保型氯硝柳胺缓释球,30d杀灭血吸虫尾蚴的效果明显高于60d,并且对鱼类无伤害。
Objective To develop an environmental-friendly niclosamide sustained-release ball to kill cercariae in water body susceptible to schistosomiasis. Methods 50% niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder, polyvinyl alcohol and red soil were made into slow-release balls with a diameter of 25 mm by a ball making machine. In schistosomiasis susceptible zone by 1m2 cast a sustained release ball to kill cercariae test. Whistle (small) plague water assay to assess the effect of sustained release beads kill cercariae. Results Sustained-release ball In the indoor water, the monthly average concentration of niclosamide decreased from 2.11mg / L in the first month to 0.54mg / L in the fifth month. In indoor water, the release of niclosamide sustained release ball along the horizontal direction of rapid diffusion, vertical diffusion slow. At 7 days after the release of pellets, the concentrations of niclosamide and surface water were 2.36 mg / L and 0.9 mg / L, respectively, and 0.68 mg / L and 0.20 mg / L respectively after 60 days. The infection rates of mice in test area and control area before casting and releasing of glomeruli were 71.4% and 84.0% respectively (x2 = 1.728, P> 0.05). The average worm loads were 2.1 and 5.5 respectively. After 30 days, the infection rates of mice in experimental and control groups were 58.33% and 97.06% respectively, and the average worm loads were 2.08 and 15.97 / mouse respectively (x2 = 13.728, t = 7.148, P < 0.001). The infection rates of mice were 13.04% and 38.88% respectively at the 60th day after the release of glomeruli and the average worm burden was 0.30 / mouse and 0.89 / mouse (x2 = 1.288, t = 1.778, P> 0.05). Conclusion The environmental friendly niclosamide sustained-release pellets were applied on the spot, and the effect of killing the cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum by spraying for 30 days was significantly higher than that of 60 days and no harm to the fish.