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一、概说历史上云南是有名的瘴气之区。有关历史记载,可以追溯到诸葛亮南征孟获入滇时。此后的历代,用兵兴土木感染瘴气而失败,乃至毁村灭寨,灭户绝后记录,比比皆是。所述地域,因时而异,几乎囊括云南全省。描述详尽的有本世纪初的思茅,三十年代云县的大流行,死亡均逾万,骇人听闻。瘴气,与英语疟疾——malaria(原为意大利语)的古义“坏空气”同一概念,在科学不发达时,都把它和空气联系在一起。它究竟为何物?1936-1940年,著名寄生虫病学家姚永政等人,在宁洱(今普洱)、思茅、景洪、勐海、芒市作过病源学考证,确认它主要系指疟疾,特别是恶性疟。疟疾能在云南广泛流行,造成严重危害,与该地特殊地理环境,复杂气候因素密切相关。云南的纬度跨幅(北纬21°9——29°15)高低悬殊(海拔6740-76.4米)均较大,气候有水平分布和立体分布交织特点。水平气温从北向南逐渐升高规律,往往被立体气温打
First, the general history of Yunnan is a famous belching zone. The historical records can be traced back to the Zhuge Liang Nanzheng Meng received into Yunnan. Subsequent generations, the invasion of civilians with military enthusiasts and failure, as well as destruction of the village to destroy the village, destroy the family after the record, abound. The area varies from time to time, almost covering Yunnan province. Described in detail the beginning of this century, Simao, Yunxian in the thirties pandemic, the deaths were more than million, appalling. The same concept of malaria (formerly Italian), the ancient “bad air,” associated with malaria in English, relates it to the air when science is underdeveloped. What was it from 1936 to 1940? Well-known parasitic disease scientist Yao Yongzheng and others made etiological research on Ning’er (now Pu’er), Simao, Jinghong, Menghai and Mangshi and confirmed that it mainly refers to Malaria, especially falciparum malaria. Malaria can be widely prevalent in Yunnan and cause serious harm, which is closely related to the special geographical environment and complex climate in the area. Yunnan’s latitude span (latitude 21 ° 9--29 ° 15) high and low disparities (6740-76.4 meters above sea level) are large, the climate has horizontal distribution and intertwined three-dimensional distribution characteristics. Gradually increase the level of temperature from north to south the law, often three-dimensional temperature hit