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美国除了能源危机和经济危机之外,矿产品危机已经迫在眉睫。这将是美国今后十年之内的生死攸关的重要问题。届时美国将要面临矿产品及相应的金属材料的严重不足。引起这种局面的原因很多,其中依靠国外进口和美国政府的某些措施是关键的因素。美国当前需用的74种主要矿产品及相应的金属材料中,有22种全部或大部从国外进口。预计到1985年将上升为一半以上。到2000年美国矿产品的贸易差额将达到1千兆美元。目前,苏联的自给率比美国高得多(图1)。事实上,在出口钴、铬和铂族等金属方面苏联已经从美国捞去了很大的好处。美国
In addition to the United States energy crisis and economic crisis, the mineral crisis is imminent. This will be an important issue of life and death for the United States in the coming decade. By then, the United States will face a serious shortage of mineral products and corresponding metallic materials. There are many reasons for this situation, of which reliance on foreign imports and certain measures by the U.S. government are key factors. Of the 74 major mineral products and corresponding metallic materials currently in use in the United States, 22 are all or most of them imported from abroad. It is estimated that by 1985 it will rise to more than half. By 2000, the trade balance of U.S. mineral products will reach 1 trillion U.S. dollars. At present, the Soviet self-sufficiency rate is much higher than in the United States (Figure 1). In fact, the Soviet Union has benefited greatly from the U.S. export of metals such as cobalt, chromium and platinum groups. United States