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目的观察精神科首诊患者父母的养育方式及个性特点,为接诊医生做诊断及心理健康教育提供参考和依据。方法采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对138名精神科首诊患者进行测试。结果父母养育方式分析结果:父母温暖理解(FF_1、MF_1)、父亲过度保护(FF_6)显著低于EMBU常模(P<0.01);父母严厉惩罚(FF_2、MF_4)、过度干涉(FF_3、MF_2)、拒绝否认(FF_5、MF_3)显著高于EMBU常模(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义。艾森克个性问卷(EPQ):男性,神经质高于常模,掩饰性低于常模(P<0.01);女性,神经质、精神质、内外向性值均高于常模,掩饰性低于常模(P<0.01);男女不同性别EPQ比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精神科首诊患者的父母养育方式在一定程度上存在问题,而个性方面亦存在情绪不稳定、倔强、外倾的人格特点。医生在接待首次就诊者时应综合考虑到他们的人格和行为特征,同时结合父母偏差性养育方式进行干预和指导。护士应态度和蔼,耐心解答病人的提问,尽量避免引起情绪反应而发生的冲突和纠纷,构建和谐的医患关系。
Objective To observe the parental rearing patterns and personality traits of first-time patients in psychiatry and to provide reference and basis for admissions doctors to do diagnosis and mental health education. Methods A total of 138 first-time psychiatric patients were tested using the EMBU and EPQ questionnaires. Results The results of parental rearing analysis showed that: parents’ warm comprehension (FF_1, MF_1) and father’s overprotection (FF_6) were significantly lower than those of EMBU (P <0.01); Parents severely punished (FF_2, MF_4) , Denied (FF_5, MF_3) were significantly higher than the EMBU norm (P <0.01), the difference was statistically significant. Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ): men, neuroticism was higher than the norm and the masculinity was lower than the norm (P <0.01); women, neuroticism, psychoticism and extroversion were higher than the norm, (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in EPQ between men and women (P> 0.05). Conclusion There is a certain degree of parental recuperation in the first consultation of psychiatric patients, but there are also personality traits of instability, stubbornness and extroverted personality. Physicians should take their personality and behavior characteristics into consideration when receiving their first visit, and at the same time, they should intervene in and guide their parents in the way of deviant parenting. Nurses should be kind, patiently answer the patient’s questions, try to avoid the emotional reaction caused by the conflict and disputes, and build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.