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日语中表达信息来源的语法形式(证语)数量众多,功能相互交叉,构成一个复杂的示证系统。本文参考近年来示证类型学研究的相关文献,在跨语言背景下分析日语示证范畴的形态特征、功能体系及证语的历史来源。日语证语从形态上可以分为后附缀、后缀和迂说式。作为主要成员的后附缀型证语从功能上可以分为〈知觉〉〈推定〉〈传闻〉,后缀型证语「ソウ1」的功能为〈测度〉,两者构成不同层次的功能系统。从历史来源看,日语中有来自于动词、名词和引用标记的证语,但几个主要的后附缀型证语直接来源于后缀。
The number of grammatical forms (witness statements) expressing the source of information in Japanese is so large that they cross each other in function to form a complex system of evidence. In this paper, reference is made to the relevant literature on the typology of typology in recent years, analyzing the morphological features, functional systems and historical sources of testimonies in the field of Japanese demonstrations in a cross-linguistic context. Japanese language can be morphologically divided into post-suffix, suffix and verbosity. Post-affixing witnesses as main members can be categorized into functionally as , while suffix-typed witness “ソ ウ 1” functions as a functional system. Historically, there are testimonies in Japanese that come from verbs, nouns, and reference marks, but several of the major post-attachment witnesses come directly from the suffix.