微纤化纤维素(MFC)是一种新型的纳米级功能材料,由于其具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、优良的力学性能、光学性能以及阻隔性能,在纳米纸、气凝胶、复合材料、造纸、医药等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。但MFC在制备及应用过程中还存在诸多问题,例如机械处理能耗高,无法工业化生产;MFC极性强,在非极性基质中分散不均,这些都限制了其在纳米复合材料领域的发展,因此需要通过预处理降低机械处理过程中的能耗,同时系统地对MFC与聚合物复合机理进行研究以拓宽MFC的应用领域。本文综述了MFC的制备方法及其在纳米纸、气凝胶及纳米复合材料方面的应用现状,并对MFC的未来发展方向进行了展望。 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is a new type of nanoscale functional material. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, excellent mechanical properties, optical properties and barrier properties, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) Composite materials, paper, medicine and many other fields have broad application prospects. However, there are still many problems in preparation and application of MFC, such as high energy consumption of mechanical treatment and the failure of industrialized production. The high polarity of MFC and the uneven dispersion in non-polar matrix all restrict its application in the field of nanocomposites Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption in the mechanical process through pretreatment, meanwhile to systematically study the complex mechanism of MFC and polymer to broaden the application field of MFC. In this paper, the preparation methods of MFC and its application in nano-paper, airgel and nanocomposites are reviewed, and the future development of MFC is prospected.