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旅法美裔作家格特鲁德·斯坦因有着特殊的犹太背景、教育背景以及后来的长期旅居欧洲的生活经历,这给她提供了有别于其他作家的创作灵感和激情。在小说《三个女人》中,三位女性的身份具有机动性、不确定性和矛盾性,无法单从种族性或者国家性来鉴定其身份。作者有意弱化身份认同,弱化种族之间、肤色之间、性别之间的差异。本文结合斯坦因提出的犹太人的“融入公共生活,保持私人犹太性”的生存策略,来论证该小说如何实践该策略,如何弱化了种族性,甚至给女主人戴上了黑人的面具,彻底地颠覆犹太性,与此同时,打破性别、性和性取向的成规。
Gertrude Stein, a French-American writer with a special background in Jewish history, educational background and subsequent long-term European living experience, gave her inspiration and passion unlike any other writer. In the novel The Three Women, the identities of the three women are mobile, uncertain and contradictory, and their identities can not be identified solely on the basis of race or nationality. The authors intentionally weaken identities and weaken the differences between races, colors, and sex. This article combines Stein’s survival strategy of “integration into public life and preservation of personal Jewality” to demonstrate how the novel practices the strategy, how to weaken the race, and even to the hostess to wear a black masks, Utterly subverting Jewishness while at the same time breaking the rules of gender, sexuality and sexual orientation.