Lipoxin A4 can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing the inlfammatory reaction, but it is currently unclear whether it has a protective effect on diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we established rat models of diabetes mellitus using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We then induced focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. After administration of lipoxin A4via the lateral ventricle, infarction volume was reduced, the expression levels of pro-inlfammatory factors tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear fac-tor-kappa B in the cerebral cortex were decreased, and neurological functioning was improved. These ifndings suggest that lipoxin A4 has strong neuroprotective effects in diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and that the underlying mech-anism is related to the anti-inlfammatory action of lipoxin A4.