前言一般来讲,不论是职前训练,还是在职培训,课堂观摩构成了教员培训计划的一都分。这些观摩一般以这样的假设为基础:教员应将课程中所学的全部知识付诸于教学实践,而训练者(指导教师)的任务是评判教员实际上是否已将所学知识正确地贯彻于教学实践。然而,课堂观摩总会给教员和训练者带来问题,特别是会给教员一方造成很大的压 Preface Generally speaking, whether it is pre-service training or on-the-job training, classroom observation forms a part of the trainer’s training program. These observations are generally based on the assumption that the instructor should put into practice all the knowledge he or she has learned in the course and the task of the trainer (instructor) is to judge whether or not the instructor has actually implemented the knowledge he or she has learned Teaching practice. However, classroom observation always poses problems for the trainers and trainers, especially for the instructor