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孤儿作品的使用问题是一个全球性的问题,我国本次著作权法修改拟引入孤儿作品使用制度。孤儿作品使用制度的价值目标应与著作权法鼓励作品创作和传播的价值目标保持一致。通过比较分析孤儿作品使用制度,引入前后权利人和使用者的获益状况可知,在该制度运行良好的情况下,制度的引入可以增加权利人的收入并同时促进孤儿作品的合法传播。这不但实现了制度对于作者创作作品予以经济上的激励,也激励了传播者合法传播孤儿作品,进而增加了公众接近作品的机会,增进了知识传播。而且,在著作权侵权保护力度增强,侵权成本不断提高的背景下,孤儿作品使用制度将引导使用者从侵权使用途径过渡到合法使用途径,从而满足了著作权法价值目标的要求。但是,这个制度也有可能被使用者滥用而产生挫伤作者创作积极性的负面影响。为消除这种负面影响,必须从制度和技术两个层面对孤儿作品使用制度进行完善。
The problem of the use of orphan works is a global problem. The modification of copyright law in our country intends to introduce the use of orphan works. The value objective of the orphan works system should be in line with the value goal of copyright law that encourages the creation and dissemination of works. By comparing or analyzing the use of orphan works and introducing the benefits of the right owners and users, we can see that when the system works well, the introduction of system can increase the income of right holders and at the same time promote the legal dissemination of orphan works. This not only realizes that the system gives financial incentives to authors’ works, but also encourages the communicators to disseminate orphan works legally, which in turn increases public access to works and enhances the dissemination of knowledge. Moreover, under the background of stronger protection of copyright infringement and ever-increasing cost of infringement, the system of orphan works will guide users to transition from infringing use to legal use, thus meeting the requirements of the value target of copyright law. However, this system may also be abused by users to create the negative impact of the creative enthusiasm of the writer. In order to eliminate this negative influence, the system of orphan works must be perfected from two aspects of system and technology.