以现存中古医方中的类方为研究对象,对其基本表现形式、形成原因进行探讨。认为其基本表现形式包括重复方,同方(或类似方)异效,药相同而剂型、剂量不同,或经药物增损而形成的系列方。将类方的形成原因概括为“删繁”“集验”“传信”的方书编撰方式、信息隔绝中相对独立的临床探索、方随证转的必然结果、同一医家临证的思维定式。指出中古医方的类方梳理工作在文献学、临床研究和史学研究中都有积极的意义。 Taking the existing prescription of ancient Chinese medicine as the research object, this paper discusses the basic forms and causes of the formation. It is considered that the basic manifestations include repeated prescriptions, same prescription (or the like) with the same effect, same medicine, different dosage forms, different doses, or series of prescriptions formed by the increase of drugs. The reasons for the formation of the class can be summarized as the compilation of the compilation method of the companion book, the comparatively independent clinical exploration of the isolation of information, the inevitable result of the evidence transfer, Doctor’s card thinking style. Pointed out that the prescriptions of ancient Chinese medicine carding work in the literature, clinical research and historical studies have a positive meaning.