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目的:评价健康教育对铁路建筑工人在改变艾滋病知识、态度和行为方面的效果。方法:整群抽取成都铁路局某3个工地的铁路建筑工人,在基线调查的基础上对研究对象进行为期半年多的健康教育宣传和同伴教育等综合干预,采取相同的调查内容和方法进行干预后调查。结果:对比干预前430名和干预后随访到的380名铁路建筑工人有关艾滋病、生殖健康的知识、态度和行为,干预后调查对象对艾滋病、生殖健康知识知晓率较干预前普遍提高(P<0.01),最近3个月内有过非婚性行为者的比例由23.4%下降到4.2%(P<0.01),最近一次非婚性行为使用安全套者由43.3%提高到72.9%(P<0.01),但在最近3个月内非婚性行为安全套坚持使用频率干预前后未见显著差异。结论:健康教育对铁路建筑工人在预防和控制艾滋病方面是有效的措施,但要长期改变农民工与艾滋病有关的高危性行为应建立长效的行为干预机制。
Objective: To evaluate the effects of health education on railway construction workers in changing their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Methods: The railway construction workers in a cluster of 3 sites in Chengdu Railway Bureau were collected by cluster sampling. Based on the baseline survey, comprehensive interventions such as health education promotion and peer education were conducted on the subjects for more than six months, and the same investigation contents and methods were used to intervene After investigation. Results: Compared with the knowledge, attitude and behavior about AIDS and reproductive health of 430 railway construction workers who were interviewed before 430 intervention and after the intervention, the awareness rate of AIDS and reproductive health knowledge among the surveyed subjects was generally higher than that before the intervention (P <0.01) ). The proportion of those who had had non-marital sex in the last 3 months decreased from 23.4% to 4.2% (P <0.01), and the number of condom use in the latest non-marital sex was increased from 43.3% to 72.9% (P <0.01) , But no significant difference was observed before and after the frequent use of condom for non-marital sex during the last 3 months. Conclusion: Health education is an effective measure to prevent and control AIDS among railway construction workers. However, long-term behavioral intervention mechanisms should be established to long-term change migrant workers’ AIDS-related high-risk behaviors.