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2004年5月27日,美国国务院收到中国国家文物局代表中国政府提出的限制中国文物进口申请。申请提出由于大量中国文物进入美国导致了中国境内文物盗掘和走私活动猖獗,要求美国限制从旧石器时代到清朝的考古艺术品入境,所限制艺术品几乎涉及到所有的品类。由此引发了美国公众的广泛争论,包括考古学家、博物馆人士、拍卖公司、古董商、法律工作者等几乎所有对中国文物感兴趣,并与之发生关联的各方面人士纷纷发表评论。
On May 27, 2004, the State Department of the United States received an application for restriction of the import of Chinese cultural relics submitted by the Chinese State Administration of Cultural Heritage on behalf of the Chinese government. The application argues that the entry of a large number of Chinese cultural relics into the United States led to rampant antiquities and smuggling activities in China, requiring the United States to restrict the entry of archeological artefacts from the Paleolithic period to the Qing Dynasty. The restricted works covered almost all categories. This has led to widespread controversy in the American public, including archaeologists, museums, auction houses, antiques dealers, lawyers and almost all interested in Chinese artifacts and related parties have made comments.