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本文系统、深入地研究了用于电力机车传动轴的４２ＣｒＭｏＡ车轴钢的多轴非比例循环塑性本构行为。文中应用薄壁圆管试样在室温下进行了一系列拉扭组合的应变控制循环试验。试验结果表明：４２ＣｒＭｏＡ车轴钢是一种循环软化材料，在非比例循环加载下，材料仍将产生非比例附加强化，但这种强化不显著。研究结果还发现，在非比例循环加载下，材料产生各向异性塑性应变，其应力应变曲线中应力峰值与应变峰值之间存在明显的滞后现象。试验结果还证实了存在比例非强化区域（比例加载）和非比例非强化区域（非比例加载），在这区域内任何比例和非比例加载都不引起各向同性强化。
In this paper, the multi-axial non-proportional cyclic plastic constitutive behavior of 42CrMoA axle steel used in the drive shaft of electric locomotive is studied systematically. In this paper, a series of tensile-torsion combined strain control cycle tests were conducted at room temperature using thin-walled tube specimens. The experimental results show that the 42CrMoA axle steel is a kind of cyclic softening material. Under non-proportional cyclic loading, the material will still produce non-proportional additional strengthening, but this strengthening is not significant. The results also show that under non-proportional cyclic loading, the material produces anisotropic plastic strain, and there is obvious hysteresis between stress peak and strain peak in the stress-strain curve. The test results also confirm the existence of proportional non-reinforced zones (proportional loading) and non-proportional non-reinforced zones (non-proportional loading) where any proportional and non-proportional loading does not cause isotropic strengthening.