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世界银行的国际比较项目(International Comparison Program,ICP)作为最大的全球性统计活动,越来越受到国际社会的高度关注,其结果在国际经济管理与决策中的应用也越来越广泛。本文主要以第六轮(1993年),第七轮(2005年),第八轮(2011年)ICP结果为基础数据,分析每一轮国际比较中按购买力平价(Purchasing Power Parities,PPP)法计算的各国国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product,GDP)与按汇率法计算的各国GDP之间的差距。通过对比计算可得,发达国家按PPP法计算的GDP与按汇率法计算的GDP差值很小,而在发展中国家二者之差要大得多。中国在第六、七轮国际比较中按两种方法计算的GDP差值都很大,该差值在第八轮虽有所下降,但与发达国家ICP结果相比,两法之间的差距仍然非常明显。因此,本文初步得出购买力平价法对发展中国家的经济实力有所高估的结论,并从完善购买力平价方法、改进规格品选取、提高我国支出法核算能力和多角度评价国家经济实力四个方面提出对中国参与ICP的建议。
As the largest global statistical activity, the World Bank’s International Comparison Program (ICP) has drawn more and more attention from the international community. As a result, its application in international economic management and decision-making has become more and more widespread. Based on the ICP data of the 6th round (1993), the 7th round (2005) and the 8th round (2011), this paper analyzes the International Comparison of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP) Calculated Gap between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP by exchange rate method. By comparison and calculation, the difference between GDP calculated by the PPP method in developed countries and GDP calculated by the exchange rate method is very small, while in developing countries, the difference between the two is much greater. In the sixth and seventh rounds of international comparisons, China calculated the GDP difference between the two methods in large scale, although the difference declined in the eighth round. However, compared with the ICP results in developed countries, the gap between the two laws Still very obvious. Therefore, this paper concludes that the purchasing power parity (PPP) method has an overestimation of the economic strength of developing countries. From the point of improving the purchasing power parity method, improving the selection of specifications, improving the accounting method of China’s expenditure law and evaluating the national economic strength from multiple perspectives In terms of China’s proposal to participate in the ICP.