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目的:分析连作西洋参根际真菌群落的特点及土壤药剂处理对其的影响,探讨西洋参生长与根际真菌区系的相关性以及西洋参连作障碍的土壤生态机制。方法:采用田间随机区组实验,选择种植过4年以及连续育苗2次每次2年的老参地土壤连作西洋参,另设碳素肥加低毒化学农药及植物源农药对老参地土壤进行消毒处理,调查各处理组西洋参的生长及病害发生情况,同时采用稀释平板法分离根际真菌,以Shannon-Wiener指数(H’),Margalef丰富度指数(Ma)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)作为真菌群落多样性的测度。结果:与未种过参的新地相比,重茬种植的西洋参秋季存苗数、根重均明显降低,根病指数显著升高(P<0.05),根际真菌数量降低50%～63%,多样性指数(H’)降低39%～43%,群落构成的变化主要表现为青霉属及曲霉属真菌的比例增大。根际土壤真菌的多样性指数与西洋参根病指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.970,P=0.006)。碳素肥加低毒化学农药菌线威处理老参地土壤,对提高重茬西洋参的存苗数及根重有较好的效果,一定程度提高根际真菌多样性。结论:重茬西洋参根际真菌数量和多样性降低,群落构成发生变化。碳素肥加菌线威处理对连作西洋参生长具有较好的改善作用。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of rhizosphere fungi community of continuous American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and its influence on soil pharmacological treatment, and to explore the correlation between growth of Panax ginseng and fungal flora in rhizosphere and soil ecological mechanism of Panax ginseng growing obstacle. Methods: Using the field randomized block experiment, we selected the old ginseng soil planted with 4 years of continuous cultivation and 2 times of continuous 2 years of continuous cultivation as the American ginseng, and set up the carbon fertilizer plus low toxicity chemical pesticide and plant- The growth and disease occurrence of Panax quinquefolius in each treatment group were investigated. The rhizosphere fungi were isolated by dilution plate method. The Shannon-Wiener index (H ’), Margalef richness index (Ma) and Pielou evenness index ) As a measure of the diversity of fungal communities. Results: The seedling number and root weight of American ginseng grown in replanting decreased significantly, the root index increased significantly (P <0.05), the number of fungi in rhizosphere decreased by 50% -63% The diversity index (H ’) decreased by 39% ~ 43%. The change of community composition mainly showed that the proportion of Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi increased. Rhizosphere soil fungi diversity index and the American ginseng root index was negatively correlated (r = -0.970, P = 0.006). Carbon fertilizers plus low toxic chemical pesticide line Granville treatment of old soil parameters, to improve the stubble seedling number and root weight of stubble have a good effect, to some extent, improve rhizosphere fungal diversity. Conclusion: The numbers and diversity of rhizosphere fungi in the stubble panax ginseng decreased while the community composition changed. Carbon fertilizer plus bacteria Granville line processing even for the growth of American ginseng has a better effect.