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目前,在世界的热带和亚热带地区,疟疾仍然是严重影响健康的问题。根世界卫生组织估计,全世界每年有一亿以上的疟疾病例需要治疗。单在热带非洲,每年死于疟疾的14岁以下的儿童超过100万。疟疾在非洲是经济发展的重要障碍。第二次世界大战后,曾认为灭蚊和其他抗疟措施是大有希望的。事实上,在温带地区和某些热带地区是有成效的。但是遇到了行政管理、组织、人员、实施以及财政上的困难,并在一些技术上也有困难,如:(1)蚊类对杀虫剂以及人对抗疟药产生了抗药性;(2)某些蚊种具有逃避接触杀虫剂的行为;(3)在某些地区,实际上不可能清除蚊虫的孳生。这就导致热带地区(如非洲)的抗疟规划很少或全无进展,另在印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡等国家,疟疾亦有明显的回升。因此,显然除了简单的灭蚊方法外,需要有一些其他方法来解决疟疾问题,最常讨论的是需要有一种预防疟疾的疫苗。但仅有少数科学家进行这方面的研究,而疫苗的发展受到的主要阻碍是缺乏制备疫苗的疟原虫的合适来源。疟原虫的免疫原性低,也是一个大问题,因为这意味着诱发对疟原虫的免疫性是困难的。只是最近,这些问题的研究才有所进展。
Malaria remains a serious health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world at the moment. According to the World Health Organization, more than 100 million malaria cases are treated worldwide each year. In tropical Africa alone, more than one million children under the age of 14 die from malaria each year. Malaria is an important obstacle to economic development in Africa. After World War II, it was thought that mosquito control and other measures against malaria were promising. In fact, it is effective in temperate regions and some tropical regions. However, there are administrative, organizational, personnel, implementation and financial difficulties encountered and technically difficult, such as: (1) mosquitoes have become resistant to pesticides and human anti-malaria drugs; and Some mosquito species have the potential to evade exposure to pesticides; and (3) mosquito breeding is practically impossible in some areas. This has led to little or no progress in the anti-malaria program in tropical regions (such as Africa) and marked increases in malaria in countries such as India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is clear that in addition to the simple method of mosquito control, there are other ways that malaria problems need to be addressed, the most common being the need for a vaccine to prevent malaria. However, only a few scientists conducted research in this area, and the major obstacle to the development of the vaccine is the lack of a suitable source of vaccine for Plasmodium. The low immunogenicity of Plasmodium is also a big problem because it means that it is difficult to induce immunity against Plasmodium. Only recently have the research on these issues progressed.