由明迄清,徽州海商的主体存在着一个重要的转变,即从明代武装走私的私人贸易转向清朝政府特许经营的海外贸易。及至19世纪60年代,东亚海域世界的国际形势发生了重大的变化。而中国国内太平天国的兵燹战乱,又对中日贸易造成了剧烈冲击,加速了徽州海商之衰落与长崎唐馆的解体。本文聚焦的徽州巨商程稼堂,曾是长崎贸易中举足轻重的海商首领。但在19世纪中后期,他与海商同行、长崎会所、借贷商人之间,不断地发生各类债务纠纷,其本人则为了躲避债主的纠缠而到处东躲西藏,并多次将各类财物作为抵押。这些,显然反映了其人已徘徊于破产的边缘。程稼堂的遭遇,折射出昔日富甲天下的徽州海商之困境。其人的盛衰递嬗,可算是煊赫一时的徽州海商之最后一曲挽歌。 From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there was an important change in the main body of Huizhou merchants, that is, from the private trade of armed smuggling in the Ming Dynasty to the overseas trade concession by the Qing government. By the 1860s, the international situation in the maritime world of East Asia had undergone significant changes. However, the militarism and war in China’s Taiping Heavenly Kingdom also caused a severe impact on the trade between China and Japan, accelerating the decline of Huizhou merchants and the dissolution of the Nagasaki Tang Pavilion. This article focuses on Huizhou giant business Jia Tang, Nagasaki trade has been the pivotal leader in the sea. However, in the middle and later of the 19th century, he and his merchants, Nagasaki clubs and lending traders continued to experience various types of debts. In order to evade the entanglement of creditors, he himself hid everywhere in Tibet and various times Property as a mortgage. These, obviously, reflect the fact that people are hovering on the brink of bankruptcy. The experience of Cheng Jia-tang reflects the dilemma of the Huizhou merchants in the world who were rich in the past. The rise and fall of its human evolution, can be regarded as the last song of Huizhou Mohawk Mohe.