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东亚和美国经营导向的分野在很大程度上根源于其不同的企业组织形式和公司治理结构。东亚企业最优秀的代表——日本的大公司的构造可区分为两种基本形态:一是财阀式的企业集团,以三菱集团为代表。财阀内部拥有综合商社、工业公司和银行,形成一个相互依赖、相对自足和封闭的环形链条。另一种是企业系列,以丰田为代表。它以一家大公司为龙头,众多的供应商为外围,形成一个众星拱月式的支持体系。无论哪种形态,都是关联企业相互依托、荣辱与共的共生关系,因而在股权方面,也发展了相互持股的结构。这就是号称“法人资本主义”的日系企业结构。
The divergence of business orientations between East Asia and the United States is largely rooted in its different forms of corporate organization and corporate governance. The best representatives of East Asian enterprises - Japan's big company structure can be divided into two basic forms: First, the chaebol-based enterprise groups, represented by Mitsubishi Group. Inside the chaebol, there are integrated trading houses, industrial companies and banks, forming an interdependent, relatively self-sufficient and closed circular chain. Another is the corporate series, represented by Toyota. It is a large company as a leader, many suppliers for the periphery, forming a star arch-style support system. No matter what kind of forms are related enterprises rely on each other, the symbiotic relationship of honor and disgrace, so in terms of equity, but also the development of mutual ownership structure. This is known as “corporate capitalism” of the Japanese business structure.