“中学为体,西学为用”,是19世纪60至90年代即古老的中国刚刚走向世界的时候,由一批思想者所创构的文化观。诸如冯桂芬、王韬、郭嵩焘、郑观应以及张之洞等人,都是这一文化思维模式的遵行者。诚然,当这一文化观到19世纪末被一些官僚士人演变为用纲常名教抵制维新变法的思想武器时,其陈旧性已经遭到了新一代维新思想家们的批判。 “Middle School as the Body, Western Learning as the Use” is a cultural view created by a group of thinkers just as the ancient China moved to the world from the 60s to the 90s in the 18th century. Such as Feng Guifen, Wang Tao, Guo Songtao, Zheng Guanying and Zhang Zhidong and others, are all followers of this cultural mode of thinking. It is true that when this view of culture was turned into an ideological weapon by some bureaucrats at the end of the 19th century to resist the reform of the reformist style, its obsolescence has been criticized by a new generation of reformers.