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利用从烤烟根际筛选的抗生菌、固氮菌、解磷菌和解钾菌菌株制成PGPR菌肥,进行田间完全区组随机试验,研究其在减施化肥的条件下对烤烟产量质量的影响。试验地土壤类型为黄棕壤,种植烤烟品种为云烟89,菌肥施用量30 kg hm-2,于烤烟移栽时溶于生根水中一起施入。共设4个处理,分别是(1)常规施肥同时施用PGPR菌肥;(2)NPK肥为常规施肥的80%同时施用PGPR菌肥;(3)常规施肥;(4)NPK肥为常规施肥的80%。结果表明,施用菌肥的二处理与未施用菌肥的二处理相比,施用菌肥不同生长期烤烟根际放线菌的数量显著降低17%～27%(p<0.05),根际微生物生物量碳含量提高3%～16%,现蕾期根际解磷菌的数量显著提高24%(p<0.05),并可提高烤烟的抗病性,烤后烟外观质量好。处理(2)与处理(4)比较,现蕾期烤烟根际氮、钾、铜、锌、硼和铁6种元素的有效性提高4.46%～28.87%,而磷、钙、镁和锰4种矿质元素的有效性降低2.63%～30.19%,烤烟产量和净产值分别提高7.53%和30.05%。处理(2)与处理(3)比较,烤烟产量和净产值分别提高4.52%和24.68%。使用PGPR菌肥可适当减少化肥用量,为可持续生产优质、无公害烟叶的有效途径之一。
The PGPR bacteriostat was screened from the rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco by means of antibacterial, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and a complete randomized trial was conducted in the field to study its effects on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco with the application of chemical fertilizers. The soil type of the experiment was yellow-brown soil. The varieties of flue-cured tobacco were Yunyan89 and the amount of the bacterium fertilizer was 30 kg hm-2. The flue-cured tobacco was dissolved in rooting water when transplanted. A total of four treatments were: (1) conventional fertilization with PGPR bacteriostat application; (2) NPK fertilization with 80% of conventional fertilizers with PGPR bacteriostat application; (3) conventional fertilization; (4) NPK fertilization with conventional fertilization Of the 80%. The results showed that the number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco decreased significantly by 17% -27% (p <0.05) compared with the non-application of two treatments. The rhizosphere microbes The biomass carbon content increased by 3% ~ 16%, the number of rhizosphere phosphorus solubilizing bacteria significantly increased by 24% at the budding stage (p <0.05), and the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco was improved. Compared with treatment (4), the availability of six elements of nitrogen, potassium, copper, zinc, boron and iron in the rhizosphere of budding stage increased by 4.46% -28.87% compared with that of treatment (2), while phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and manganese 4 The availability of mineral elements decreased by 2.63% -30.19%, and the yield and net value of tobacco increased by 7.53% and 30.05% respectively. Treatment (2) Compared with treatment (3), the output and net value of tobacco increased by 4.52% and 24.68% respectively. The use of PGPR bacterial fertilizer can be appropriate to reduce the amount of fertilizer, sustainable production of high quality, pollution-free tobacco one of the effective ways.