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Low back pain is a common clinical disease that affects people's quality of life and causes a huge social and economic burden. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has rich and valuable theory and practice in the treatment of low back pain. LI Shi-mao, a national TCM master, develops ancient meanings, combines new knowledge, treats low back pain with Pingmai differentiation (平脉辨证), performs comprehensive analysis of data gained by four diagnostic methods, centers on pulse diagnosis, and has achieved good efficacy. Here is an excerpt of 4 medical records, including XUE's No. 4 Formula (薛氏4号方) in treating low back pain caused by dampness-heat invading meridians, Shentong Zhuyu Decoction (身痛逐瘀汤) in treating low back pain caused by blockade of blood stasis, Dabuyin Pills (大补阴丸) in treating low back pain caused by disturbance of ministerial fire, and Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction (桂枝芍药知母汤) in treating low back pain due to blockade of cold and kidney deficiency, aiming at proving its principles and methods, observing its prescriptions and summing up its experience, so as to provide more reference for clinical treatment for low back pain.