1862年到上海参与针对太平军、小刀会的“协防”,可说是李鸿章脱离曾国藩、真正“自立门户”的开始,李鸿章以后的“宏伟事业”实皆由此奠基。正是在上海“协防”期间,李鸿章开始其涉外活动,与各种“洋人”打交道,渐渐成为“洋务”重臣,最后主导全国外交。本文拟对李氏早期涉外 In 1862, Shanghai’s participation in the “defense of the armed forces” against the Taipings and the Little Knife would be the start of Li Hongzhang’s departure from Zeng Guofan and his true “self-reliance” and the “grand cause” of Li Hongzhang since then. It was during the “aid and defense” in Shanghai that Li started his foreign activities and dealt with various “foreigners” and gradually became the top minister in the “Westernization Movement” and finally dominated the country’s diplomacy. This article intends to Lee’s early foreign-related