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目的比较研究甲状腺肿瘤中，血型抗原Ｈ２和内皮素（Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ，ＥＴ）的免疫组化表达，探讨它们在甲状腺肿瘤中的鉴别诊断价值。方法以免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法。结果在５７例甲状腺肿瘤中，ＥＴ识别抗原在甲状腺乳头状癌的阳性率为２２／２５（８８％），滤泡状癌的阳性率为２／３（２４％）。其中乳头状癌与腺瘤阳性率二者之间有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００５），滤泡状癌与乳头状癌阳性率无显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血型抗原Ｈ２阳性反应主要存在于血管内皮细胞膜和部分组织细胞膜上，在正常甲状腺组织及肿瘤细胞中均呈阴性。结论提示ＥＴ在甲状腺癌细胞的生长、增殖过程中起重要作用，对良恶性甲状腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断有重要价值。
Objective To comparatively study the immunohistochemical expression of blood group antigen H2 and endothelin (ET) in thyroid tumors, and to explore their differential diagnostic value in thyroid tumors. Methods were immunohistochemical ABC method. Results Among the 57 thyroid tumors, the positive rate of ET-recognition antigen in papillary thyroid carcinoma was 22/25 (88%), and the positive rate of follicular carcinoma was 2/3 (24%). There was a significant difference between the positive rate of papillary carcinoma and adenoma (P<0.005), and there was no significant difference between the positive rate of follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma (P<0.05). The positive reaction of blood group antigen H2 mainly exists on the vascular endothelial cell membrane and some tissue membranes, and is negative in normal thyroid tissue and tumor cells. Conclusions suggest that ET plays an important role in the growth and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells, and has important value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors.