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目的:了解新疆地区老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病率及相关危险因素，COPD疾病知晓情况等基线数据，为老年COPD的预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法:于2015年5月29日至2016年6月23日，通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取新疆维吾尔自治区6个地区常住居民收集调查对象人口学资料、呼吸道症状、既往呼吸系统疾病史、肺功能检查等共调查701例，35例存在基本资料缺失和肺功能。通过二元Logistic回归分析新疆地区老年COPD相关危险因素。结果:666例COPD患病率为36.5% COPD 36.5%(243例)，男性44.9%(160/356)，女性26.8%(83/310)。性别、年龄、体质指数、牧民、吸烟、慢性呼吸道症状等是COPD重要影响因素。总体人群COPD疾病知晓率为0.8%(2/243)。二元Logistics回归分析结果显示，男性(n OR＝2.466，95%n CI：1.663～3.656，n P<0.01)、70～79岁(n OR＝1.652，95%n CI：1.147～2.377，n P<0.01)、牧民(n OR＝2.798，95%n CI：1.868～4.189，n P<0.01)和慢性呼吸道症状(n OR＝2.321，95%n CI：1.482～3.634，n P<0.01)为COPD患病的独立危险因素。n 结论:新疆地区60岁以上老年人COPD患病率高，疾病知晓率低，不同民族COPD患病率存在较大差异。男性、年龄、牧民和慢性呼吸道症状是COPD的独立危险因素。了解老年COPD患病状况和相关危险因素，可有效地对疾病进行预防和治疗。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence, risk factors and the awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among the elderly in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in order to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of COPD.Methods:The permanent residents in 6 regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were enrolled by a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 29 May 2015 to 23 June 2016.Demographic data, respiratory symptoms, past history of respiratory disease, results of pulmonary function test were collected.A total of 701 persons were investigated, 35 of whom had basic data missing and unqualified pulmonary function testing.Finally, 666 subjects aged(68.6±6.6)years were included.Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of COPD in the elderly in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Results:The prevalence of COPD in the 666 cases was 36.5%(243/666), with male of 44.9%(160/356)and female of 26.8%(83/310). Logistic regression analysis showed that male(n OR=2.466% 95%n CI: 1.663-3.656, n P<0.01, ), age of 70-79 years(n OR=1.652, 95%n CI: 1.147-2.377, n P<0.01), herders(n OR=2.798, 95%n CI: 1.868-4.189, n P<0.01)and chronic respiration tract symptoms(n OR=2.321, 95%n CI: 1.482-3.34, n OR=3.634, n P24 kg/mn 2(n OR=0.498.95%n CI: 0.348-0.712, n P<0.01)was the protective factor.The awareness rate of COPD in the general population was 0.8%(2/243).n Conclusions:The prevalence of COPD in the elderly over 60 years old is high and the awareness rate is low in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The prevalence of COPD varies greatly among different ethnic groups.Males, aging, herdsmen and chronic respiratory symptoms are independent risk factors for COPD.