目的调查河南省永城市的蚊种构成、密度、季节消长及其分布,了解该地区优势蚊种及其活动规律,为防控蚊媒疾病提供依据。方法根据不同地理方位选择3个乡镇作为调查点,于2010年7-10月采用诱蚊灯法在人房外、户外和牲畜棚等不同生境开展蚊类调查,每月2次,对捕获的蚊类进行形态学鉴定、记录,并利用Excel 2007和SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。结果共捕获蚊虫20 684只,隶属4属5种,平均蚊密度为34.08只/(灯·夜);三带喙库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕获总数的54.12%。牲畜棚蚊密度最高,达50.58只/(灯·夜),人房外和户外环境蚊密度差异无统计学意义,3种生境蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=74.450,P<0.01)。蚊密度7月开始增高,7月下旬为活动小高峰,9月达活动最高峰,10月开始下降。任湖和孟庄村蚊密度于9月上旬达最高峰,呈单峰分布,以任湖村蚊密度最高;3个乡镇的蚊虫数量和蚊种构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2 033.097,P<0.01)。结论永城市蚊虫分布依生境和地方性特征而不同,可根据不同地区、生境及蚊种季节变化趋势,采取针对性的防蚊灭蚊措施开展蚊虫防治工作。 Objective To investigate the structure, density, seasonal fluctuation and distribution of mosquito species in Yongcheng, Henan Province, and to understand the dominant mosquito species and their activity patterns in this area and provide the basis for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods According to different geographic locations, three villages and towns were selected as the survey sites. Mosquito surveys were conducted in different habitats, outdoor and livestock sheds by using the mosquito-killing lamp method from July to October 2010, twice a month. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified, recorded, and analyzed using Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 software. Results A total of 20 684 mosquitoes were captured, belonging to 4 genera and 5 species, with an average mosquito density of 34.08 / (light · night). Culex tritropuna was the dominant mosquito species, accounting for 54.12% of the total. The mosquito density of livestock shed was the highest, reaching 50.58 / (lamp · night). There was no significant difference in mosquito density between outdoor and outdoor environment. The mosquito density of three habitats was significantly different (F = 74.450, P <0.01). Mosquito density began to increase in July, the activity of small peak in late July, reached the peak activity in September, began to decline in October. The density of mosquitoes in Renhu and Mengzhuang villages peaked in early September with a single peak, and the mosquito density was the highest in Renhu village. The mosquito populations and the quantity of mosquitoes in three towns were significantly different (χ ~ 2 = 2033.097, P <0.01). Conclusion The distribution of mosquitoes in Yongcheng differs according to the habitat and the local characteristics. According to the seasonal variation trends of different regions, habitats and mosquitoes, mosquito control measures can be taken by targeted mosquito control measures.