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中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular trap,NET)是人天然免疫(innate immune)的重要部分。然而,过量生成NET则致组织损伤。NET含有DNA骨架(DNA scaffold),因此能被DNase催化降解。在体外,DNase以浓度依赖性方式催化NET降解,由此对中性粒细胞形成NET有潜在的调节作用。部分细菌表达DNase,作为一种毒力因子降解NET,保护其自身逃逸NET诱捕。脓毒血症患者血浆DNase显著升高,释放的DNase可能抑制NET捕杀细菌的作用,或保护组织免于高水平NET引起的自身组织损伤。DNase可能作为炎性疾病的诊断标志物和治疗靶。
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is an important part of human innate immunity. However, overproduction of NET results in tissue damage. NET contains a DNA scaffold and therefore is catalytically degradable by DNase. In vitro, DNase catalyzes NET degradation in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby potentially modulating NET formation by neutrophils. Part of bacteria expressed DNase, which degrades NET as a virulence factor and protects itself from escape by NET trapping. Plasma DNase is significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and the release of DNase may inhibit the effect of NET-killing bacteria or protect the tissue from self-injury caused by high levels of NET. DNase may serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.