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理论和方法论二者齐头并进,社会学于是取得进展。社会学理论研究途径的多样性,在方法论的多样性上得到反映。“定量的”和“定性的”两种方法论之间的区别的贴切性已经消失或大大削弱,也许,把方法论作“上延的”和“下伸的”区分较此更有建设性。但须注意,这二者又是互补的,可以结合起来在同一研究项目中运用。所有的方法论均具有一种“非普遍”的性质,虽然又都各有特定的应用范围。多方法的分析的价值在于获取稳定的结果并开创子学科之间的交流。本文为通用的社会学研究程序提出四个“经典性”的步骤,并加上了两个往往不明显的基本步骤:信息在研究过程中的初步转换和最终转换。
Both theory and methodology go hand in hand, and sociology makes progress. The diversity of approaches to sociological theory is reflected in the diversity of methodology. The relevance of the distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methodologies has vanished or greatly diminished. Perhaps the distinction between “extension” and “extension” of methodology is more constructive. However, note that these two are complementary and can be used together in the same research project. All methodologies have a “non-universal” nature, though each has its own specific area of application. The value of a multi-method analysis is to get steady results and open up the communication between sub-disciplines. This article proposes four “classic” steps for a common sociological research process and adds two basic steps that are often not obvious: the initial and final conversions of information in the research process.