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豫西南淅川上泥盆统王冠组地层中发育大量与层面平行且具有蹼纹的U形遗迹化石Rhizocorallium。利用环境扫描电镜对Rhizocorallium进行微观观察,发现在其边缘管和蹼纹内部发育大量不同形态的莓状黄铁矿及莓状铁氧化物(单晶为五角十二面体,八面体,立方体和近球形),与之对应的围岩中仅见少量黄铁矿单晶颗粒。表面具有覆盖膜的莓状黄铁矿大多存在于潜穴内部,其中边缘管中莓状黄铁矿的单晶直径(0.672~1.603μm,平均直径1.063μm)较之蹼纹中部的(0.376~0.877μm,平均直径0.5μm)的大。上述特征显示出潜穴中莓状黄铁矿的存在可能与硫酸盐类还原菌有关。Rhizocorallium边缘管和蹼纹中高丰度莓状黄铁矿的发现表明:遗迹化石Rhizocorallium可能是造迹者精心构筑的觅食—花园。由于食物供应和氧化还原条件的不同,Rhizocorallium造迹者在其潜穴内部培植不同的微生物,形成一个互利共生的群落。
A large number of U - shaped fossils of rhizocorallium are developed in the strata of the Upper Devonian Wanguan Formation in southwestern Henan Province. The microscopic observation of Rhizocorallium by environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed that a large number of different shapes of raspberry pyrite and raspberry iron oxide (single crystal pentagonal dodecahedron, octahedron, cube and near Spherical), corresponding to the surrounding rock only a small amount of pyrite single crystal particles. Most of the berry pyrite with mulch film on the surface exists inside the burrow, in which the single crystal diameter (0.672 ~ 1.603μm, average diameter 1.063μm) of raspberry pyrite in the edge tube is (0.376 ~ 0.877 μm, average diameter 0.5 μm). The above characteristics show that the presence of berry pyrite in the burrows may be related to sulfate-reducing bacteria. The discovery of the high-abundance raspberry pyrites in the Rhizocorallium margins and webs suggests that the fossil Rhizocorallium may be a carefully crafted foraging plant for gardens. Due to different food supply and redox conditions, Rhizocorallium implants cultivate different microorganisms inside their burrows to form a mutually beneficial community.