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角膜具有各向异性、非线性和黏弹性等复杂的生物力学性能，随着基础和临床研究的不断深入，生物力学在角膜疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。离体角膜与在体角膜的力学性能存在显著差异，探索在体测量角膜生物力学的方法对角膜疾病的诊断与治疗有直接的指导意义。目前在体测量的仪器主要有眼反应分析仪和可视化角膜生物力学分析仪，但二者只提供角膜整体的生物力学参数，无法精确反映角膜局部性能。Brillouin显微镜使用低功率近红外激光束聚焦到角膜组织，通过分析角膜的返回信号谱来确定组织的纵向模量，可实现角膜各部分生物力学性能的在体无接触测量。现就Brillouin显微镜的测量原理、安全性，与其他设备的比较及其临床应用进展等做一综述。“,”The cornea has complex biomechanical properties such as anisotropy, nonlinearity and viscoelasticity. Corneal biomechanics plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases thanks to development in relevant basic and clinical research. There is a significant difference in mechanical properties between in vitro and in vivo corneas. Exploring methods to measure in vivo corneal biomechanics is of direct significance for the diagnosis and treatment of corneal diseases. At present, both of the two main in vivo measurement instruments, ocular response analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST, only provide the biomechanical parameters of the whole cornea, failing to reveal local characteristics of corneal material properties. The Brillouin microscope focuses on corneal tissue with a low-power, near-infrared laser beam and determines the longitudinal modulus of the tissue by analyzing the return signal spectrum from the cornea, enabling in vivo and non-contact measurements of the biomechanical properties of various corneal regions. This paper summarizes the measurement principle and safety of the Brillouin microscope, and its comparison with other equipment and clinical applications.