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目的研究中药材半夏的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的多样性。方法采集浙江杭州(虎跑、下满觉陇、富阳)、贵州贵阳等地半夏及其根际土壤。块茎徒手切片、根剪成1 cm的根段,经10%KOH透明、乳酸甘油酸性品红染液染色、乳酸甘油脱色后,镜下观察半夏植株内AMF的形态结构。湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法分离半夏根际土中AMF孢子并鉴定,分析各地半夏根际AMF孢子的多样性。结果半夏的皮层组织细胞间及细胞内存在大量菌丝、泡囊,以及典型的丛枝结构。根际土壤中存在大量的AMF孢子。鉴定得到20种3属,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)16种,占80.0%;无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,占15.0%;盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种,占5.0%。结论各地半夏均可形成丛枝菌根,根际土壤中的AMF孢子具有丰富的多样性,球囊霉属为优势菌群。
Objective To study the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Chinese medicine Pinellia ternata. Methods The samples of Pinellia ternata and its rhizosphere soil were collected from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (Hu Run, Xiamanjuelong and Fuyang), Guiyang, Guizhou and other places. The tuber roots were cut into 1cm root segments. The cells were stained with 10% KOH, stained with L-glyceric acid, and the lactate glycerol decolorized. Morphological structure of AMF was observed under microscope. AMF spores in the rhizosphere soil of Pinellia ternata were separated by wet sieving and sucrose centrifugation and identified. The diversity of AMF spores in the rhizosphere of Pinellia ternate was analyzed. Results There were a large number of mycelium and vesicle in the intercellular and intracellular cortex of pinellia tuber and the typical shrub structure. There are a large number of AMF spores in the rhizosphere soil. Sixteen species of Glomus were identified, accounting for 80.0%. Three species belonging to Acaulospora, accounting for 15.0%, and one species belonging to the genus Scutellospora, 5.0%. Conclusion Arbuscular mycorrhizas can be formed in all regions of China. AMF spores in the rhizosphere soil are rich in diversity, and Glomus is the predominant flora.