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对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染对虾后,最典型的免疫反应是对虾开放循环系统的血淋巴细胞数量急剧下降,血淋巴凝结功能下降,感染部位聚集了大量的血淋巴细胞,且以颗粒细胞为主。WSSV可感染对虾颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞,其中小颗粒细胞感染率高、感染速率快,感染后大颗粒细胞占血细胞总数的比例可增加到50%;血淋巴中的总糖、总碳水化合物、总蛋白和游离氨基酸显著提高,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和诱导性一氧化氮合成酶的活性显著降低。自然状态下广泛存在WSSV潜伏感染,潜伏感染的存在会导致存在免疫反应情况下的感染复发,并且有助于病毒的传播;不同WSSV感染状态下过氧化物(POD)差异显著,其平均值由大到小依次为:潜伏感染虾样、中度感染虾样、严重感染虾样。而其抗菌活性(UA)、溶菌活性(UL)、酶氧化酶活性(PO)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和凝集效价(HAT)差异不显著;潜伏感染个体对再次接种WSSV有“类免疫应答”的抗性,这种抗性不是来源于发病期对虾的天然抗性,而是WSSV感染后的一种免疫系统增强。宿主细胞凋亡可能是感染对虾在高温时反而维持较高成活率的主要机制。免疫增强剂可对对虾防御WSSV感染产生影响,脂多糖、葡聚糖、肽聚糖、岩藻依聚糖和双链核糖核酸都已被证实可提高对虾抗病毒感染的免疫保护。WSSV主要囊膜蛋白VP28可诱导对虾对WSSV感染产生抗性降低累积死亡率,高效价的病毒抗血清具有良好的保护作用;对虾抗菌肽也可通过抑制病毒的复制而起保护作用。
After shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection shrimp, the most typical immune response is the shrimp open circulatory system, the sharp decline in the number of blood lymphocytes, hemolytic coagulation decreased, the site of infection gathered a large number of blood lymphocytes, and granulosa cells Mainly. WSSV can infect shrimp granulosa cells and small granulosa cells, of which small granulocyte infection rate, infection rate, infection, the proportion of large granulocytes in total blood cells can be increased to 50%; hemolymph total sugar, total carbohydrates, Total protein and free amino acids were significantly increased, superoxide dismutase, catalase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity was significantly reduced. Under natural conditions, WSSV latent infection is widespread. The latent infection can lead to the recurrence of infection in the presence of immune response and contribute to the spread of the virus. The differences of peroxides (POD) under different WSSV infection status are significant In descending order: latent infection shrimp, moderate infection shrimp, shrimp-like infection. However, there was no significant difference in antibacterial activity (UA), lysozyme activity (UL), enzyme oxidase activity (PO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and agglutination potency (HAT) Immune response "that is not derived from the natural resistance to shrimp at the onset of disease but rather from an immune system boosted by WSSV infection. Host cell apoptosis may be the main mechanism of infection in shrimp at high temperatures instead of maintaining a high survival rate. Immunopotentiators can have an impact on shrimp defense against WSSV infection, and lipopolysaccharide, dextran, peptidoglycan, fucoidan and double-stranded ribonucleic acid have both been shown to enhance immune protection against antiviral infections in shrimp. WSSV major capsid protein VP28 can induce shrimp WSSV infection resistant to reduce the cumulative mortality, high titer of virus antiserum has a good protective effect; shrimp antibacterial peptides can also inhibit the replication of the virus and play a protective role.