哈罗德·布鲁姆(Harold Bloom)在《西方正典》一书中,将现代以前的西方文学分为两个时代,分别冠名为“贵族时代”和“民主时代”。虽然两个时代的价值观不同,但一旦时代总体的精神特征稳定下来,那么其文学作品自然处于时代理性的统摄之中。不过若是处于两个时代的过渡期,由于价值观的变动和混乱,经常会产生一些奇特的经典文学:《堂吉诃德》便是最典型的例子。吉诃德的伟大与悲怆全都在于他逆时代而行且悲天悯人:他是一 In his book The Western Canon, Harold Bloom divides modern Western literature into two periods, entitled “The Age of Aristocracy” and “The Age of Democracy.” Although the values ​​of the two ages are different, as long as the spiritual characteristics of the era as a whole have stabilized, their literary works are naturally under the unified management of the times. However, if it is in the transitional period between the two ages, some peculiar classic literature often arises due to changes in values ​​and chaos: “Don Quixote” is the most typical example. The greatness and sadness of Quixote all lie in his anti-age behavior and compassion: he is one