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清末最后十多年间,上海的公共领域呈现出一派繁荣景象,并在官方政治权力架构之外建构起相对独立的整合机制,促使一些新兴的社会群体开始崛起。由此,也牵及整个城市的社会阶层结构发生变动,于是而有所谓的“中等社会”。中等社会在社会政治参与的过程中,逐渐形成两种相互关联但又有某种程度“错位”的身份认同,即城市地域身份认同和“国民”身份认同。随着民族国家的重建和地方自治运动的推进,这两种身份认同渐趋合辙,共同构成城市社会发展与进步的重要精神动力。
In the last ten years of the Qing Dynasty, the public sphere in Shanghai showed a prosperous scene and constructed a relatively independent integration mechanism outside the official political power structure, prompting some emerging social groups to rise. As a result, the structure of the social strata in the entire city has also been changed, so that there is a so-called “medium-sized society.” In the process of social and political participation, the middle-class society gradually formed two identities that are related to each other but have a certain degree of “dislocation”, that is, urban regional identity and “national ” identity. With the reconstruction of the nation-state and the advancement of the local autonomy movement, the two identities have become more homogeneous and together constitute an important spiritual force for the development and progress of urban society.